Apple is one of the iconic organisations associated with a charismatic but rather controversial leader, Steve Jobs. Tim Cook, who is now the CEO of the company, has to address the challenges the corporation faces in a highly competitive environment. Apple has a strong culture and effective organisational structure, but the company still has to undergo certain changes to enhance its competitiveness.
Apple structure has evolved into a highly hierarchical organisation with the elements of simple structure, strong divisional form, and a certain degree of adhocracy (see Appendix A). Initially, all major strategic decisions were made by Steve Jobs, who articulated his vision and insisted on the implementation of his projects, ideas, and plans (Schermerhorn et al., 2019). This type of leadership is a characteristic feature of simple structures where one person holds complete control over all decisions and operations. Small companies and enterprises with a small number of employees are often characterised by this type of structure. Under the leadership of Tim Cook, the organisational structure of the corporation under analysis has undergone certain changes.
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Divisionalised form has become more viable in the new environment and under new circumstances. Companies with this kind of structure are divided into semi-autonomous divisions (Kumar 2015). The executives of different divisions of the company focus on the needs of the market, as well as the industries or sectors they are responsible for, and react accordingly. Apple has product-based divisions that concentrate on specific products (for example, iPhone, Mac, iOS, iPad, to name a few) (Apple leadership 2019). This configuration is more flexible than a simple structure and is regarded as more appropriate for innovative organisations, such as Apple (Kumar 2015). At the same time, truly innovative companies tend to choose adhocracy as their organisational structure.
In conclusion, it is necessary to note that Tim Cook managed to become an effective leader who ensures the sustainable development of one of the leaders in the international market. His democratic leadership style and soft skills have made him an iconic figure. Under this CEO, the organisational culture has undergone certain changes. The company is now more transparent and flexible as executive and employees have more freedom to explore their creativity. Tim Cook does not try to make his subordinates follow his instructions but encourages them to explore their creativity and come up with new projects and solutions.
Winter apples, picked in late autumn and stored just above freezing, have been an important food in Asia and Europe for millennia.[22]Of the many Old World plants that the Spanish introduced to Chiloé Archipelago in the 16th century, apple trees became particularly well adapted.[23] Apples were introduced to North America by colonists in the 17th century,[5] and the first apple orchard on the North American continent was planted in Boston by Reverend William Blaxton in 1625.[24] The only apples native to North America are crab apples, which were once called "common apples".[25] 2ff7e9595c
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